Pengertian Conjunction
Conjunction adalah kata yang berfungsi untuk menghubungkan antara kata, frasa, klausa, atau kalimat. Dengan menggunakan conjuction, kita bisa membuat kalimat yang kompleks. Selain itu, conjuction membuat kita menghindari ketidakberaturan kalimat-kalimat pendek dan membuat writing flow kita menjadi lebih baik.
Tanpa conjunction, kita dipaksa untuk mengungkapkan setiap gagasan kompleks menjadi kalimat-kalimat simple seperti contoh kalimat di bawah ini.
Sandy asked me to come to her party. I could not come. I got sick at that day.
Sumber gambar: choolsquestiontime.org
Aturan Penggunaan Conjunction
Terdapat beberapa aturan penting dalam penggunan conjuction, yaitu:
1. Conjuction digunakan untuk menghubungkan ide, tindakan, dan noun, clause, serta kelas kata lainnya.
Contoh kalimat: Sarah and I went to the movies and watched The Nutcracker and The Four Realms.
2. Conjunction berguna untuk membuat list.
Contoh kalimat: John makes pancakes, eggs, and coffee for breakfast.
3. Ketika menggunakan conjunction, pastikan bahwa kelas kata yang dihubungkan dengan conjunction bersifat paralel (mempunyai struktur yang sama).
Contoh kalimat:
- I learn fast and carefully.
- I learn fast and am careful.
Jenis-jenis Conjunction
1. Coordinating Conjunction
Sering disebut dengan istilah “Fan Boys” conjuction.
| Coordinating Conjunction | Fungsi | Contoh Kalimat Coordinating Conjunction |
| For | Menghubungkan sebab pada akibat. | I had to clean the floor as a punishment for making a mess. |
| And | Menghubungkan ide sekelas dan sama. | I like fishing and hunting. |
| Nor | Menghubungkan dua kalimat negatif. | She doesn’t eat meat, nor does she drink milk. |
| But | Menghubungkan ide sekelas namun berbeda. | I like to eat fish, but not to catch them. |
| Or | Menghubungkan dua pilihan sekelas. | Do you want to drink tea or coffee? |
| Yet | Menghubungkan ide sekelas namun bertolak belakang. | It’s sunny yet cold. |
| So | Menghubungkan akibat pada sebab. | I didn’t get enough sleep last night, so I’m so sleepy right now. |
2. Correlative Conjunction
Correlative conjunction selalu berpasangan.
| Correlative Conjunction | Contoh Kalimat Correlative Conjunction |
| Both … and | Both London and Paris are worth to visit. |
| Not only … but also | Japanese food is not only delicious but also beautiful to look at. |
| Either … or | It’s going to rain! Bring either an umbrella or a raincoat. |
| Neither … nor | My grandfather could neither read nor write. |
| Whether … or | I am not sure whether he is lying or not. |
3. Subordinating Conjunction
Subordinating conjunction merupakan kata pertama dalam dependent clause. Conjunction ini digunakan untuk tiga jenis klausa, yaitu:
Adverb Clause
| Fungsi | Subordinating Conjunction | Contoh Kalimat Subordinating Conjunction |
| Waktu | After As, Just as As long as As soon as Before Since Until When Whenever While | Just as we left, he came. I waited as long as I could. While I was studying, she called me. |
| Tempat | Where Wherever Anywhere Everywhere | I like to shop wherever there is a sale. I use my credit card everywhere I shop. |
| Cara | As, Just as As if As though | I love wearing make-up as most women do.
|
| Jarak | As + adverb + as | We will hike as far as we can before it turns dark. |
| Frekuensi | As often as | I call my parents as often as I can. |
| Sebab | As Because Since | I can’t take evening class since I work at night. |
| Tujuan | So that In order that | He moves so that his home is not too far from his office. |
| Akibat | So + adjective + that So + adverb + that Such a(n) + noun + that So much/many/little/few + noun + that | I was so tired last night that I fell asleep at dinner. She talked so softly that I cannot hear her voice. It was such an easy test that all students got A’s. |
| Kondisi | If Unless | We won’t go diving unless the weather is better. |
| Partial Contrast | Although Even though Though | I love my brother though we always have different opinions. |
| Perbedaan | While Whereas | My brother likes hard rock, while I prefer classical music. |
Adjective Clause
| Fungsi | Conjunction | Contoh Kalimat |
| Menunjuk kepada orang | Who Whom Whose | They didn’t approve the man whom my sister married. An orphan is a child whose parents are dead. |
| Menunjuk kepada orang atau benda | Which That | My new phone which I bought yesterday stopped working. |
| Menunjuk kepada waktu dan tempat | When Where | An orphanage is a place where orphans live. |
Noun Clause
| Fungsi | Conjunction | Contoh Kalimat |
| That clauses | That | Do you believe that there’s life is outer space? |
| If/whether clauses | Whether Whether or not Whether… or not If If… or not | I can’t remember whether I locked the door. I can’t remember if I locked the door. |
| Question clauses | Who, whoever, whom Which, what, where When, why, how How much, how many How long, how often, etc | Do you know where the bus station is? He didn’t care how long he had to wait. |
Conjunctive Adverb
Digunakan untuk menghubungkan dua independent clause.
| Fungsi | Conjunction | Contoh Kalimat |
| Menambah ide yang sama | Also Besides Futhermore In addition Moreover | I’m a student; also, I work at coffee shop. |
| Menambah kelanjutan yang tak diduga | However Nevertheless Nonetheless Still | I can’t cook very well; however, I make quite good omelettes. |
| Menambah perbedan | In contrast On the other hand | Sarah is ambitious; in contrast, her brother is quite lazy. |
| Menambah akibat | As a result Consequently Therefore Thus | Joh’s lazy; thus, he gets C in Math class. |
| Membuat list sesuai urutan waktu | Meanwhile Afterward Then Subsequently | I went to supermarket; then, I went home. |
| Memberi contoh | For example For instance | Our identity can be identified by several aspects; for example, we can define ourselves by mentioning our physical appearance. |
| Memperlihatkan kesamaan | Similarly Likewise | Surabaya has hot weather; similarly, Jakarta’s average temperature is 34oC. |
| Memperlihatkan pernyataan kedua yang benar | Instead On the contrary Rather | They planned to go to Bali; instead, they went to Lombok. |
| Memberi kemungkinan lain | Alternatively On the other hand | You can live in a dorm of campus; alternatively, you can rent a room off campus. |
| Menambah penjelasan | Otherwise | Identity is the answer of the question ‘Who are you?’; in other words, identity is the way that we use to represent ourselves. |
| Membuat pernyataan yang lebih kuat | Indeed In fact | Berries are common fruits; indeed, people love berries. |
Referensi:
Oshima, A., & Hogue, A. (2006). Writing Academic English (4th ed.). New York: Pearson Longman.
Artikel: Conjunction
Kontributor: Nanda Ayu, S.Hum.
Alumni Sastra Inggris UI
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